constant-e's Website

Appearance

Arch Linux 安装与配置 ​

关于安装与使用archlinux的一些经验

使用Btrfs安装ArchLinux ​

  1. 创建一个Btrfs分区，挂载至/mnt
  2. 创建子卷。如创建@子卷（将挂载至/）：
    sh
    btrfs subvol create /mnt/@
    并创建其他需要的子卷，如@home。
  3. 取消挂载/mnt，并挂载子卷。如挂载@子卷的基础命令是：
    sh
    mount -o subvol=@ 分区 /mnt
    可以在-o中添加其他参数，参考Wiki。

网络配置 ​

个人习惯为使用NetworkManager、iwd和systemd-resolved。安装后，需要进行如下配置

  • 启用NetworkManager, systemd-resolved, iwd
  • 屏蔽wpa_supplicant
  • 配置NetworkManager：
/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi-backend.conf
ini
[device]
wifi.backend=iwd
/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dns.conf
ini
[main]
dns=systemd-resolved
rc-manager=auto
# 若需要指定DNS
# systemd-resolved=false
  • 如需调整dns，配置systemd-resolved：
/etc/systemd/resolved.conf.d/resolve.conf
ini
[Resolve]
DNS=填写dns服务器
FallbackDNS=127.0.0.1 ::1
DNSOverTLS=opportunistic
DNSSEC=allow-downgrade
Domains=~.

Hyprland ​

安装软件：

dunst hypridle hyprland hyprlock hyprpicker hyprpolkitagent hyprshot kitty kvantum nwg-displays nwg-look pipewire wireplumber qt5-wayland qt5ct qt6-wayland qt6ct quickshell wofi xdg-desktop-portal-hyprland

（这里QuickShell需要AUR）

此外，还有一些与GNOME共用的包，如gdm nautilus等（若不与GNOME共存，换成其他的），也包括一些通用的软件，如Fcitx 5等。

我自己的配置文件放在GitHub了。

关于高分辨率，Hyprland已经将Wayland处理得很好，对于XWayland（如微信，WPS，Steam等），建议禁用缩放，并设置字体DPI（Xft.dpi），详见我的配置文件

Hyprland对XWayland的适配明显不如对原生Wayland的，因此暂时不能完全迁移到Hyprland

GNOME ​

gnome需要启用一些“实验性”选项，包括：['scale-monitor-framebuffer', 'xwayland-native-scaling', 'variable-refresh-rate']，用于分数缩放和可变刷新率

参见Wiki

KDE ​

plasma包中不包含一些必要的软件，如dolphin（文件管理器），而kde-applications中的软件包又过多。因此，记录一个自用软件列表：

ark dolphin filelight gwenview kamoso kate kcalc kmail konsole krecorder okular partitionmanager spectacle

这个列表中不包含音频/视频播放器，因为我使用vlc。

此外，还有kde开发的开源软件kdenlive krita，可以作为达芬奇和GIMP的替代

WPS Office 12关闭后台进程 ​

WPS Office 12中，在WPS Office关闭后，wpscloudsvr不会关闭。

解决方案：移除wpscloudsvr的执行权限：

sh
chmod -x /path/to/wpscloudsvr

使用Pacman Hook，在每次更新时都移除wpscloudsvr的执行权限（以wps-office-cn包为例）：

/etc/pacman.d/hooks/wps-office-cn.hook
ini
[Trigger]
Type = Package
Operation = Install
Operation = Upgrade
Target = wps-office-cn

[Action]
Description = Disabling wpscloudsvr ...
When = PostTransaction
Exec = /usr/bin/chmod -x /usr/lib/office6/wpscloudsvr

注意：禁用wpscloudsvr会导致历史记录（包括本地）和云文档等功能不可用。

zsh简单配置 ​

添加这两行配置，用于自定义提示符和语法高亮：

~/.zshrc
zsh
PROMPT="%n@%m %1~ %# "
source /usr/share/zsh/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting/zsh-syntax-highlighting.zsh

其中语法高亮需要先安装zsh-syntax-highlighting。

Steam and Proton ​

Steam几乎是开箱即用的，只需额外进行如下配置：

  • 开启设置 -> 兼容性 -> 为所有其他产品启用Steam Play，以强制使用Proton
  • 如果需要开挂，在使用原版Proton时，可以添加启动参数：
PROTON_REMOTE_DEBUG_CMD="挂的位置" PRESSURE_VESSEL_FILESYSTEMS_RW="挂的位置" %command%

记得给挂调整为777权限，否则可能无法运行。

fontconfig配置 ​

  • 一个使用更纱黑体、Inter、Fira Code、Noto Serif等字体的fontconfig配置：
xml
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
  <!-- default -->
  <alias>
    <family>sans-serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Inter</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <alias>
    <family>serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Noto Serif</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <alias>
    <family>monospace</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Fira Code</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <alias>
    <family>system-ui</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Inter Display</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <!-- English -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Inter</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
  
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>system-ui</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Inter Display</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- zh-CN -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-CN</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa Gothic SC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-CN</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-CN</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Sarasa Mono SC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
  
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-CN</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>system-ui</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa UI SC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- zh-TW -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa Gothic TC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK TC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Sarasa Mono TC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
  
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>system-ui</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa UI TC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- zh-HK -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa Gothic HC</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK TC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Sarasa Mono HC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
  
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>system-ui</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa UI HC</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Japanese -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa Gothic J</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK JP</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Sarasa Mono J</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
  
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>system-ui</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa UI J</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Korean -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa Gothic K</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK KR</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Sarasa Mono K</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
  
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>system-ui</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa UI K</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- zh fallback -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa Gothic SC</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Sarasa Mono SC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
  
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>system-ui</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Sarasa UI SC</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>
  • 一个使用Noto Sans CJK作为CJK字体，Noto Sans作为英文字体，Fira Code作为等宽字体，使用Noto提供的表情符号的fontconfig配置：
xml
<?xml version='1.0'?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd'>
<fontconfig>
  <!-- default -->
  <alias>
    <family>sans-serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Noto Sans</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <alias>
    <family>serif</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Noto Serif</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <alias>
    <family>monospace</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>Fira Code</family>
      <family>Noto Sans Mono</family>
      <family>Noto Color Emoji</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <alias>
    <family>system-ui</family>
    <prefer>
      <family>sans</family>
    </prefer>
  </alias>

  <!-- English -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Noto Sans Mono</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- zh-CN -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-CN</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-CN</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-CN</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- zh-TW -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK TC</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK TC</string>
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK TC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- zh-HK -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK HK</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK TC</string>
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK TC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Japanese -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK JP</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK JP</string>
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK JP</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Korean -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK KR</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK KR</string>
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK KR</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- zh fallback -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>zh</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit binding="strong" mode="prepend" name="family">
      <string>Fira Code</string>
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Color Emoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
</fontconfig>